Dr. Gero used his knowledge and expertise to create androids to destroy Goku. All the while he himself became an immortal cyborg and nothing more then a brain in a jar attached to one of his machines.
Origin
Dr. Gero first encountered Goku when the boy was up against the Red Ribbon Army (he was the chief scientist) in Dragon Ball. Through training and natural skill, Goku entered and ascended the Red Ribbon base and single-handedly brought down the organization. Mocked and humiliated, Dr. Gero went into seclusion in his secret laboratory hidden in the mountains. There he tinkered and toyed with several Robtic designs until he created Android 19. While in the midst of all his work and creation, he himself became Android 20, leaving only his human brain behind.
Creation
Dr. Gero was created by the original author of the series, Akira Toriyama. He was appeared in both manga and anime.
Character Evolution
Even though Dr. Gero created androids in original Dragon Ball series, he never had made an appearance. In fact, he was never mentioned until Future Trunks came to past to warn about the future events.. Later in Dragon Ball Z, he makes his appearance as the android 20, with his brain attached to its body.
Major Story Arc
Dragon Ball : Red Ribbon Army Saga
As mentioned before Dr. Gero did not make a direct appearance. He was however the scientist who was a mastermind behind the Red Ribbon Army. One of his creation is Android 8, who became a friend with Goku. After the destruction of Red Ribbon Army, Dr. Gero retreated to his secret mountain laboratory to create more fierce androids, driven by his thirst for revenge.
Dragon Ball Z : Android Saga
While he was in his secret laboratory, he also worked on Androids 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18, but his true master piece was yet to set the stage. Dr. Gero grew tired of senseless robots that relied on gears and compressed metal, so he designed the ultimate cybernetic organism, which would evolve into Cell. He programmed it to absorb Androids 17 and 18 in order to acquire its perfect form. The twin androids didnt like the idea of being replaced or becoming some parasite's lunch meal, so they murdered Dr. Gero and destroyed the tank that contained cell--or so they thought.
Dragon Ball GT : Super 17 Saga
Later after Cell, Majin buu,and Baby are defeated He meets Dr. Myu and they created a new 17 that would later merge with the original 17 to become Super 17.
Other Media
Other than both manga and anime, Dr. Gero also made appearance in a movie and numerous Dragon Ball Games.